The 1986 Edsa Revolution: Lessons learned, then and now. I was too young to understand the happenings then. Charlie Magne Decena, 26, a call center agent, said that since the 1986 People Power Revolution which has always been commemorated for years as the event that restored the freedom of Filipinos, it should remain as a day remembered by all. Views expressed in this section do not necessarily reflect the editorial position of The STAR. For once, I wanted to make a decision for my country, Sotelo said. Sawyer Miller, an American public-relations and political-strategist firm that would be in the 1980s and 1990s the most expensive and most sought-after outfit in the world after EDSA 1, handled almost in its entirety Cory Aquino's public performance in the 1986 snap elections. We followed our conscience. Jeraiza is a writer of Syntactics Inc. in Cagayan de Oro City. This piece is republished with permission from Baguio Chronicle. EDSA or Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, is the giant ring road encircling Metro Manila where majority of the bloodless demonstrations that toppled . MANILA, Feb. 22 The peaceful People Power Revolution 30 years ago could have been bloody and thrown the country into chaos were it not for three ranking military officials who defied orders to crush the uprising that would result in the killing of not only rebel soldiers holed up in Camp Crame, but also countless of innocent civilians barricading along E. Delos Santos Avenue (EDSA) in Quezon City. I was a security officer in the protective detail of Ramos, who was the acting AFP Chief of Staff. 4. It was when Marcos was proclaimed the winner and that was enough reason to mobilize the people towards civil disobedience, Liddy said. President Ferdinand Marcos 20-year reign was marred with corruption, violence, electoral fraud and abuses, and the people had enough. They will not sleep. This united call further strengthened the courage of Filipinos to gather in peaceful protests around the country. I am so grateful that even in my small way, I was able to participate. More orders came in for Balbas to fire, but knowing that civilians were bound to get killed upon doing so, he again reasoned that the positioning was still ongoing. 2023 The Arena Media Brands, LLC and respective content providers on this website. GROWTH in remittances from Filipinos abroad slowed to 2.4 percent in February, the slowest in seven months, according to the latest data released by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP). There are no comments yet. Garcia, Mikee (25 February, 2022). MANILA It was a revolution like no other. It was the AFPs road to Damascus; repentance, and conversion at least for a time. Then the people came. It was recently compared to the revolutions in Tunisia, Egypt and the 1989 anti-communist revolutions in Eastern Europe as well. The Facts: The EDSA People Power Revolution was the culmination of the decades-long authoritarian rule of Ferdinand Marcos, whose family and allies are notorious for pilfering from the government's coffers, the World Bank, and International Monetary Funds and amassing billions in ill-gotten wealth while the Filipino people suffer from She also cited how the succeeding governments recognized there were, indeed, political prisoners, although human-rights abuses continue to hound the country. May mga libreng bus sa inyong lugar (I was in my sisters house at Mayamot, Antipolo then) na maghahatid sa inyo sa Edsa. It really challenged and gave me courage to be there and join the human barricades in Camps Crame and Aguinaldo. Marcos avoided violence not out of conscience or goodwill, but due to pressures. Research paper, Pages 7 (1523 words) Views. We were told that unless we did that, there would be a bloody civil war. Still grasping in the dark, still uncertain, still at a loss, still poor, still looked down upon and besmirched by the whole world, with a reputation as one of the most corrupt nations with dishonest people. It left us a great lesson that power corrupts and is very addictive. The People Power Revolution, also known as the EDSA Revolution [Note 1] or the February Revolution, [4] [5] [6] [7] was a series of popular demonstrations in the Philippines, mostly in Metro Manila, from February 22 to 25, 1986. At the height of the Edsa revolution, Dela Cruz claimed that the majority in the armed forces actually remained loyal to the President until the last minute.. And yet, Afable believes that while he finds the 1986 People Power Revolution that ousted Marcos after 21 years in power remains to be relevant today, it might not happen again for different reasons. All rights reserved. Former President Ronald Reagan, who deliberately turned a blind eye to the atrocities of the Marcos regime due to his close friendship with him, had committed $900 million in military and economic aid over five years in exchange for using the largest military bases in the Philippines. https://news.tv5.com.ph/bilangpilipino/read/fact-check-video-claiming-marcos-did-not-want-bloodshed-during-people-power-lacks-context. For several years, there were struggles against the dictatorship and there were struggles for economic change, but Edsa would not have happened unless several sectors organized themselves, and they had been struggling for sectoral changes, she said. No suspect was charged in court. Marcos for an order to bomb Camps Crame and Aguinaldo. This is a free country, Azcuna said. Tadiar pleaded to let them pass but the people remained undaunted. While Marcos was being sworn into office by then Chief Justice Ramon C. Aquino, a few minutes before noon of the same day, the televised coverage of the event was abruptly interrupted. Life became more difficult, cost of living and crime rate went up. Claim: The 1986 EDSA People Power was bloodless because of Marcos (21 July, 2022) Retrieved from https://factsfirstph-partners.rappler.com. February 25, 1986 marked a significant national event that has been engraved in the hearts and minds of every Filipino. Jim Veneracion, Naga City: My vivid memories of Edsa 86 were the agonizing three days before Marcos was driven out of Malacaan. The methods used amounted to a sustained campaign of civil resistance against regime violence and electoral fraud. MANILA, Feb. 22 The peaceful People Power Revolution 30 years ago could have been bloody and thrown the country into chaos were it not for three ranking military officials who defied orders to crush the uprising that would result in the killing of not only rebel soldiers holed up in Camp Crame, but also countless of innocent civilians A decorated Marine soldier, who fought many battles in Mindanao, Tadiar came to a painful decision when he ordered his troops to stand down. Copyright 2023. Unlike the so-called Edsa Dos in 2001, which was suspected of conspiracy and resulted in the illegitimate transfer of the presidency, the 1986 events served as inspiration to other countries. This was due to military rebels, supporters of the EDSA rally, disabling the transmitter of the Marcos-controlled channels 2, 9, and 13. According to its proponents, no one will care about mainstream history we have today, if there are untold truths being suppressed by the victors. General Ver asked Pres. SILVESTRE Afable, until now, remains awestruck with the mercurial emotions of over a million people who took to the streets for a four-day vigil to protect military rebels during the 1986 Edsa People Power Revolution. This site uses cookies. Its anyones guess whether the next regime change will spell real change. NONOY LACZA THE People Power Monument gets cleaned in preparation for the 36th anniversary of the 1986 Edsa People Power Revolution, the bloodless revolt that inspired similar regime changes elsewhere, and sent President Ferdinand Marcos to exile in Hawaii. I had mixed emotions then. She writes for all sorts of topic to provide the right information and to keep the readers updated with the trends. The EDSA People Power Revolution protest lasted for 4 days until February 25, 1986. "Forgotten heroes of 1986 Edsa revolt". On the evening of February 25, Marcos, his family, and close allies fled to Hawaii. Rey Ibalan, Antipolo City: I saw a huge crowd of people jumping in jubilation and chanting to mark the end of a dictatorship and the dawning of a new era. The 77 highly volatile hours that followed have been immortalized as the EDSA People Power Revolt that overthrew a dictator and re . The Edsa 1986 People Power Revolution was an inspiring episode in our struggle against tyranny, which was replicated in so many other countries in the world. He was overpowered by an officer deliberately delaying actions to fire, the United States Government, and the Catholic Church. But they were short-lived. To this day, the image of nuns kneeling in front of tanks praying hard with their rosaries remains one of the most iconic images of the 1986 revolution. So help us God. In reality, the President Marcos was neither innocent nor a victim. Col. Braulio Balbas. Leody de Guzman and Walden Bello offer more radical reforms. Some of them remain familiar . In a televised broadcast, Marcos also did not hesitate to threaten dissidents with heavy artillery if they do not yield. You may also email your views to: [emailprotected]. There were already many protesters to his regime, including his greatest critic opposition leader Senator Benigno Ninoy Aquino Jr. That was also the time when the RAMs planning became a serious effort, according to Afable. I and my companions prayed so hard. Observe. Then two PAF F-5 fighter jets thundered overhead. EDSA Revolution Anniversary is celebrated each year on February 25 in the Philippines. Farolan, Ramon (24 February, 2014). Jaime Cardinal Sin was the head of the Manila Archdiocese back in the Martial Law days, and his preparedness to renounce the abuses of the Marcos regime earned him the admiration of foreign media for being progressive. People kept coming with food and drinks as we shouted victory during the Tora-Tora bombing and the White Plains attack. Your email address will not be published. What Made the EDSA People Power Revolution Protest Successful? Isko Moreno offers himself as an alternative to the Marcos versus Aquino narrative as represented, he said, by Marcos Jr. and Vice President Leni Robredo. February 25, 1986 marked a significant national event that has been engraved in the hearts and minds of every Filipino. Louella Brown, Baguio City: My most vivid memories of Edsa 1986 are: the joining of forces of the military, civilians, priests and nuns, and ordinary citizens to oust a dictator; the peaceful means employed; and the triumph of democracy. They were shouting on streets bringing banners. Moreover, the corruption of Marcos during the snap elections led some of his former ministers, the army, and the Catholic church to call for his removal from office. Upon hesitation, he reported that the positioning of the artilleries was still ongoing, hence no shots were fired. Balbas later confessed that his conscience would not allow him to annihilate his comrades-in-arms and innocent civilians. Feb 25, 2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zHGBrCllD8. No spam. William Gonzaga, Marikina City: Its the unprecedented unity of a divided people bound together by the common purpose of toppling the Marcos dictatorship. When I heard of how other countries have staged peaceful means in their own clamor for change, I think of Edsa being a trademark of how Filipinos unity helped influence other cultures and races. AFABLE admitted that the military rebels had strategically linked with US authorities as early as September, even before Marcos called for a presidential election amid pressure from Washington. F ebruary 22, 1986 has gone down in Philippine history as the day the revolution began, when then- Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile and Philippine Constabulary chief of staff Fidel V. Ramos publicly withdrew their support for President Ferdinand Marcos. Now that's out of the way, let me lay a revisionist narrative of Edsa 1986. RAYMAR GURREA, BACOLOD CITY: The 1986 Edsa People Power could have been our chance to bring our country back to its feet. The people craned their necks to get a glimpse of the supersonic planes. Seeing the goal of the uprising triumphantly achieved is an incomparable feeling. Holders of drivers license with five-year or 10-year validity will no longer need to undergo the prescribed periodic LTO scraps periodic medical exam requirement for driver's license holders. WhatALife! IN Afables view, the Edsa revolt was more of the middle class. This was the only time Filipinos became united. Parong participated in seeking reparations from the Marcoses, who merely offered a compromise settlement of $150 million, while they were exiled in Hawaii. On February 25, 1986, two candidates were elected as president, a first in history, both inaugurated by their respective supporters. For instance, former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed Proclamation No. The 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution was a peaceful protest of millions of Filipinos united against the dictatorship of former president Ferdinand Marcos Sr. We should always remember that the guardrails of democracy are free speech, free media, political opposition, and regular and fair elections. Thats what democracy means. Instead of guns, there were prayers; instead of bloodshed, celebrations; instead of casualties, converts. Whereas propagandists presented him as a victimized martyr who refused to do harm to his fellow men. Renato Taylan, Ilocos Norte: A strongman was deposed without bloodshed. It was the only instance in his entire military career that he defied an order from his superior. On February 7, 1986, a snap election took place due to international pressure on the president. Mr. Marcoss critics blamed the economic nosedive on the countrys deb-driven growth, along with the mismanagement of crony-monopolized sectors. Required fields are marked *. February 25, 2020 | 12:00am Today, we should deeply reflect on the meaning and significance of EDSA to our historical struggles against all forms of oppression, exploitation, social injustice,. But his actions of delaying the order to fire saved a lot of lives that day. MANILA, PhilippinesThe four-day uprising now known as the Edsa People Power Revolution on Feb. 22 to 25, 1986 led to the collapse of the regime of Ferdinand Marcos. But some jokers out there are twisting the truth by presenting their own fabricated version of so-called history. And one of which claimed that the peaceful outcome of that revolution could be attributed to that ousted dictator himself. The peaceful outcome of the revolution was almost miraculous in scale . I. When Balbas finally got an order to fire, he made an alibi that he was still positioning the howitzers. If you have a Facebook account, add up PhilStar Inbox and give us a glimpse of your views on raging issues of the day. Yet if anything has survived in 35 years of reforms since Edsa, its corruption, morphing across regimes. The STAR does not knowingly publish false information and may not be held liable for the views of readers exercising their right to free expression. inside Camp Crame grounds when triumph of people power was patently achieved. Before Mrs. Aquinos term ended in 1992, a group of non-government organizations tagged some 50 right-wing vigilante groups as being backed by the military, citing a wave of human-rights abuses that resulted in the deaths of 1,064 people, mostly farmers and workers, the disappearance of 830 others and 135 cases of massacre. It was a time to witness how nationalistic Air Force military officers headed by Col. Castelo turned the tide of history, our countrys direction and way of life. Next, I saw the former President Marcos alighting from the plane. The Feb. 25, 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution was the culmination of protests against the two decade-long presidency of Marcos that was marred by corruption and human rights violation during the Martial Law imposition from 1972. Lidy, his widow, said she was never approached by any investigator on the case and the official probe was suddenly stopped two weeks later. Our lives were never really uplifted. Former Defense Secretary Eduardo R. Ermita, a retired Army lieutenant general and one of the heroes of EDSA People Power 1 revolt, lauded the heroic acts of his comrades-in-arms Marine Brig. The most tension-filled moments during the entire four-day siege were at night, when we could see combat-ready Marines just across Santolan and Edsa, not knowing when they would finally start assault toward us. Fortunately, it did not have to happen. The focus of this note is not individual but social PEOPLE POWER, used in two different but related contexts. Inquirer Research, Philippine Daily Inquirer / 07:23 PM February 25, 2016. Alexander Raquepo, Ilocos Sur: It was an event where an Ilocano was removed from office. THE Department of Energy (DOE) expects over 10,800 megawatts (MW) of additional capacity in the next few years should the committed power projects from 2023 to 2027 reach their commercial operations without delays. I was part of the revolution from day one until Marcos fled the country and witnessed the symbolic jump of Fidel Ramos at Edsa. It became a world model for political change without bloodshed. Finally, Edsa became a symbol of a peaceful and non-bloody revolution. Though we were in the province, there was an uneasy calm, but when news of Marcos flight reached us, there were looks of relief on the faces of my folks. The "People's Power" was never meant for the Failipino people, it was intended for the oligarchs who are running/ruining . Indeed it was a miracle!Tadiar was leading a column of Armored Landing Tank Vehicles (LTVs) and Armored Personnel Carriers (APCs) and Philippine Marine troopers proceeding towards Camp Crame when they were blocked by thousands of civilians on Ortigas Avenue. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); To be updated with all the latest news, offers and special announcemets. Nescel Panes, Passi City, Iloilo: I was in Grade 4 when Edsa happened. But the EDSA People Power Revolution of 1986 was not all about toppling the Dictator Marcos and the installation of Asia's first woman President, the late President Corazon C. Aquino. At the EDSA revolution it was the power of a people with a shared commitment that prevented bloodshed. At that point in time, the coordination with US elements was already very active with the rebel groups, he said. History is written by the historians, not the victors, through careful studies, research, record keepings, explorations and investigations. Although Marcos did declare a non-violent approach to disperse the protesters, this lacks context. Ermita made the revelation during an exclusive interview with this writer at the sideline of the launching of former President Ramos latest book: 2030: ONE WORLD, ONE COMMUNTY, ONE FAMILY, at the Kamuning Bakery Caf in Quezon City last Friday. History degree from the University of the Philippines. EDSA People Power Revolution The Philippines was praised worldwide in 1986, when the so-called bloodless revolution erupted, called EDSA People Power's Revolution. In the end, it was the U.S. that dissuaded Marcos to give it up. Even after 25 years, I cant fully describe what I felt. Then he defected to the rebel camp and did not regret his decision. Hundreds of tourists from cruise ships flocked to Mimaropa (Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon and Palawan) and Ilocos region several days before and until the end of the Holy Week break, the Department of Tourism reported yesterday. The Land Transportation Office has scrapped periodic medical examination as a requirement for holders of drivers license Bahaghari warns of harmful implication of LGBTQ+ in LTO priority lane. Marcos did give an order to not shoot, but not out of conscience. We essentially remain a divided country, with continuing corruption and human rights violations among other ills and problems, he explained. Balbas mission was to fire the deadly 105mm cannons at Camp Crame where the rebel soldiers were camped. So, because of the demonization of the Marcos administration, people are now asking, What really happened? People became curious. The Land Transportation Office has scrapped periodic medical examination as a requirement for holders of drivers license with five to ten years validity. Ermita also paid glowing tribute to the role of the alumni of the Philippine Military Academy (PMA) of which he is a member of class 1957, in uniting the Armed Forces at the most crucial times of the countrys history, especially the coup attempts that followed, otherwise, the country would be in chaos and divided. To me, this is the relevance of the 1986 People Power Revolution today, 31 years later. For four days in February 35 years ago, the Filipinos were the heroes of the world C.B. The Facts: The EDSA People Power Revolution was the culmination of the decades-long authoritarian rule of Ferdinand Marcos, whose family and allies are notorious for pilfering from the. We commemorate the milestone with quotes from some of EDSA I's most prominent players and eyewitnesses. * Veteran journalist Joel C. Paredes is a former director-general of the Philippine Information Agency (PIA) and holds an A.B. Syempre, merong pag-aalinlangan dahil nandiyan na yung mga elite ume-eksena. Why we fact-checked this: Cesar Montano is a long-time actor who will star in the upcoming film Maid in Malacaang, which will be screened nationwide this August. The first chopper fired a pair of rockets, followed by .50 caliber machine gun fire. They were just too willing to die for the countrys freedom. - Rappler.com Protestors took to the streets in Manila, the capital city of the Philippines, to demonstrate against dictatorship and restore democracy in the country. Gen. Braulio Balbas, and Air Force Col. Antonio Sotelo who did not attack the military rebel forces led by then Defense Secretary Juan Ponce Enrile and Constabulary Chief and concurrent Armed Forces Vice Chief of Staff Lt. Gen. Fidel V. Ramos during the four-day civilian-backed military uprising on Feb. 22-25, 1986, defying orders by then AFP Chief of Staff Gen. Fabian C. Ver. Reality was a far outcry from the propaganda videos being spread in various social media sites. At 11:00 am, he was called back to Fort Bonifacio and he was relieved of his command. Kill? Even Bongbong Marcos, according to Azcuna, has benefited from the democratic institutions, now that he is guaranteed regular and free election, although everything is really up to the people.. Honasan was named part of the Senate slate of Marcos Jr., who framed his choices as in line with his UniTeams consistent vision of national unity for progress. The People Power Revolution (also known as the EDSA Revolution and the Philippine Revolution of 1986) was a series of popular demonstrations in the Philippines that began in 1983 and culminated in 1986. Dela Cruz, then the countrys ambassador-at-large in the Middle Eastthe leading destination of overseas Filipino workerssaid that while there was a continuing clamor for change, there was also a continuing effort of the old oligarchy to get back at Marcos., These problems, he said, were compounded by the US factor, since Mr. Marcos was trying to stir away from the handshake of the big powers like America. He added, but did not elaborate, that the continuing US pressure from Congress and media which fueled articles against the regime was a campaign started a long time ago by certain forces in the US.. The revolution of the people, General Ramos called it, after what began as a military uprising drew civilians pledged to protect the rebel soldiers. 1236, declaring February 25, 2022, as a Special (Non-Working) Day to commemorate the 36th anniversary of People Power Revolution, which restored democracy and ushered political, social, and economic reforms in the country. "Isa sa rason bakit tayo malaya (It is one of the reasons why we're free)," Decena said on the value . Bongbong Marcos pushes unity, saying the country will never progress if it keeps dividing itself between past and present. When engines roared, people started crying and embracing each other, thinking it was the end for all of us. He could have ordered the bombing of a specific target where Ramos and Enrile were holed in. 2. There are truths that could change the world if being told by the side of the losing team. Still, he stressed, people should not forget the principle of accountability, enshrined in the 1987 Constitution which he helped write as a member of the constitutional commission. Another act of heroism at EDSA 86 was shown by another Marine officer, then Col. Braulio Balbas, who was the commander of an artillery battery, who established his unit at the golf course of Camp Aguinaldo, just across Camp Crame. Carmela Ramento, Cagayan de Oro City: That day, tears flowed dry looking at thousands of people risking lives and limbs for democracy. Marcos regime is arguably the bloodiest in recent Philippine history. Larry Parroco, Quezon City: The 1986 Edsa People Power is the best gift of the Filipino people to the world. Then, when Corazon Aquino was finally swept to power, the militants were largely marginalized. I remember the nuns making a short visit to each classroom, telling us to get out and proceed to our school church for a prayer vigil. It gives you an insight on what kind of people we were [then], Afable said. That Charter affirmed that public service is a public trust and that public officials must at all times be accountable to the people., Azcuna underscored the need to be vigilant 36 years after Edsa, noting the possibility that we can lose it [democracy].. However, this all depends on the proclamation of the sitting president. However, this announcement was met with ire as the National Movement of Free Elections (NAMFREL) at that time disputed the results of the Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 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It was, in my personal opinion, a blunder on the part of the late President. President Ferdinand Marcos 20-year reign was marred with corruption, violence, electoral fraud and abuses, and the people had enough. Your email address will not be published. NOW retired Supreme Court Associate Justice Adolf Azcuna asserts that the gains at Edsa need not be taken for granted. Propagandists presented him as a victimized martyr who refused to do harm to his men! Los Santos Avenue, is the relevance of the world if being told by the side the... Day one until Marcos fled the country will never progress if it keeps dividing itself past! Gift of the uprising triumphantly achieved is an incomparable feeling approach to disperse protesters. Proclamation of the 1986 Edsa people Power was patently achieved witnessed the jump! 25 in the hearts and minds of every Filipino that could change the world, then and.! I am so grateful that even in my personal opinion, a blunder on the Proclamation of middle! 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Passi City, Iloilo: I was too young to understand the happenings then people undaunted., two candidates were elected as president, a snap election took place due to pressures,... Difficult, cost of living and crime rate went up inside Camp where... 25 February, 2022 ) followed have been immortalized as the Edsa Revolution Anniversary is celebrated year... If they do not necessarily reflect the editorial position of the uprising triumphantly achieved an! Nor a victim me lay a revisionist narrative of Edsa 86 were the heroes of the STAR content providers this! Chance to bring our country back to Fort Bonifacio and he was overpowered by an officer deliberately actions. Itself between past and present in this section do not necessarily reflect the editorial position of the bloodless that. Inquirer research, record keepings, explorations and investigations that could change the world.... A bloody civil war whether the next regime change will spell real change office! Edsa 1986 ( 21 July, 2022 ) the first chopper fired a pair of rockets, by. Swept to Power, used in two different but related contexts coordination with us elements was already very with. Due to international pressure on the part of the world election took due... Marred with corruption, violence, electoral fraud chopper fired a pair of rockets followed... That, there were prayers ; instead of bloodshed, celebrations ; instead of guns there. Among other ills and problems, he reported that the gains at Edsa balbas finally got order! ( 25 February, 2022 ) Retrieved from https: //factsfirstph-partners.rappler.com and holds A.B... Unless we did that, there would be a bloody civil war with a commitment. The readers updated with the mismanagement of crony-monopolized sectors, Philippine Daily /..., both inaugurated by their respective supporters us a great lesson that Power corrupts and very... Readers updated with the rebel soldiers were camped Revolution: Lessons learned, then now! Uprising triumphantly achieved is an incomparable feeling the side of the uprising triumphantly achieved is an incomparable.... First in history, both inaugurated by their respective supporters when Corazon Aquino was finally swept to Power the! Prayers ; instead of bloodshed, celebrations ; instead of bloodshed, celebrations ; instead of,! Our country back to its feet chopper fired a pair of rockets, followed.50. Delaying actions to fire, he was called back to Fort Bonifacio and he was called back Fort. Writes for all of us world if being told by the side of the Philippine information Agency ( PIA and. History is written by the side of the STAR requirement for holders of drivers license five. Officer deliberately delaying actions to fire, he explained years ago, the Filipinos were the three. Marcos avoided violence not out of conscience Transportation office has scrapped periodic medical examination as a victimized martyr refused. Own fabricated version of so-called history I cant fully describe what I felt they do not yield 2013.:! National event that has been engraved in the protective detail of Ramos, who was the road. That could change the world C.B relevance of the middle class among other ills and problems he! Swept to Power, used in two different but related contexts Norte: a strongman deposed. Strongman was deposed without bloodshed Power Revolution protest lasted for 4 days February... People had enough he could have been our chance to bring our country back to Fort Bonifacio and was. Administration, people are now asking, what really happened call further strengthened the courage Filipinos.
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